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Point Identified: A simple, accurate point.
Developed Explanation: A developed point with detail/example.
Question: Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Human rights are broad, universal ideas about what every person deserves simply by being human. They are general principles about fairness and what all people should be entitled to, regardless of where they live (e.g. freedom from torture). In contrast, legal rights are specific rights that have been written down and protected by the law of a country. This means they are codified into Acts of Parliament (like the right to drive or a refund), making them enforceable in court rather than just moral suggestions.
Question: Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
The Equality Act 2010 turns principles into law by creating specific 'protected characteristics' that cannot be used for discrimination. The Act identifies nine clear characteristics (such as age, disability, race, religion, sex) and makes it illegal to treat people unfairly based on these. It also provides clear legal consequences for those who discriminate. By making discrimination a civil offence, individuals can take employers or businesses to a tribunal or court, turning a moral principle into an enforceable legal protection.
Question: Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
One example is that the human right to education has become a legal right to attend school via the Education Act. In the UK, this goes beyond a philosophical idea; the law mandates that young people are legally entitled to (and must) receive an education up to 18. A second example is that the human right to a fair wage has been made into the National Minimum Wage Act. The Act makes it a strict legal requirement that every adult worker must earn at least a certain hourly rate, enforcing the principle of fair pay.
Question: Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Local councillors deal with issues in your immediate local area. They are elected to represent specific wards on the local council and make decisions about day-to-day services like parks, rubbish collection, libraries, and schools. On the other hand, MPs represent your constituency at the national level. They sit in the House of Commons in London, where they debate and vote on laws for the whole country and deal with national policy like defence, healthcare, or the economy.
Question: Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Direct participation involves getting personally involved in taking action yourself. This means citizens actively take part by joining pressure groups, standing for election, or attending protests/strikes to influence decision-makers immediately. Alternatively, indirect participation happens through voting for representatives. In this method, citizens vote for councillors or MPs in elections to speak for them and represent their interests in government, rather than doing the political work themselves.
Question: Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
They are important because they give citizens a voice in how their country is governed. Rights like voting and free speech mean people can choose who speaks for them and influence the decisions that affect their lives, preventing dictatorship. Furthermore, they help ensure representatives are accountable to the people. Because representatives must be elected, they are forced to listen to citizens' views, knowing they can be voted out at the next election if they perform poorly.
human rights are set for everyone and are meant to show equality. Legal rights are meant to be something that everyone follows for a safe environment. Legal rights are laws that are required to follow.
The equality act 2010 ensures that everyone is treated the same and that everyone follows the same rules. The equality act makes sure that everyone is being protected the same way and that no one receives any type of different treatment/protection.
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Local councillors are incharge of listening... to their community and making sure the community is safe. A member of Parliament is incharge of making laws and listening to whatever some has to say and encounter people's opinions.
Citizens can participate directly in the government by voting.
In a democracy it is important that everyone has a vote and the right to a freedom of speech. Government needs to ensure that in a democracy everyone above the age of 18 has a chance to say what they believe is right or wrong.
The difference between human rights and legal rights is human rights protect you morally for example you have the right to live. However, legal rights protect you conventionally for example you have the right to not pay tax without a job or house.
The 2010 Equality Act turns human rights into legal protections. For example being a different religion in the UK is a human right but they made it a law you can not discriminate or refuse someone because of their religion, race or sexuality.
First of all we have right to religion which is protected legally as you can not refuse someone a job due to religion. Secondly, we all have the right to be a different sexuality than the norm which is protected by the law as you can't be refused a service due to sexuality.
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Citizens can participate in various ways for example voting this is a good way to participate as it gives you choice on a party/law. Additionally protesting or campaigning as it peacefully gets a political point passed usually causing it to be considered by parliament.
Political rights are important in a democracy because a democracy is the idea that the government is fair therefore political rights ensure you are heard or given the opportunity to impact decisions in parliament.
Human rights are rights that protect you as a person... But a human right is everyone has freedom of speech. Legal is a right that is given... For example legal right is you have to bills and insure car else you cant drive.
They turned human rights into it so the people can be more protected... Also they take action upon it, if its a right that keeps on being broken... especially when too many people are being exploited cause of their power.
One example is freedom of speech this has been made to be a legal right so no one can exploit or try minimise how much you say. Right to education also because everyone has a purpose in life... we need them to make people more useful and knowing.
Local councillors have the responsability to make sure the right things are being done. and a MP make the people have laws need to be say.
They can say going to court case and help to make desisions on which its innocent as you need multiple swearing from different perspectives. Another is voting as to be elected to represent the community you need citizens to help.
Its important as some may try to lie or try take advantage of a situation. Also it helps keep everyone secure and no one is doing too much.
Human rights are something every human has and is legally protected... for example a human right is freedom of speech. Legal rights are something that every human also has and that you have to follow... legal right is right to privacy.
They turn human rights into legal protection by allowing human rights to be something everybody has to follow which is also now protected by law.
One human right that has been made as right to privacy. This is a human and a legal right that everybody has to follow, breaking this right can lead to consequences.
Local councillors have specific roles focusing on the community or borough they are local councillor, mainly focusing on how they can help their people. While Members of parliament focus more open widely and how to help more and every borough...
Ways citizens can participate directly in the government is by voting and physically and directly helping government to decide. Ways citizens can help indirectly is by campagning or holding local campagns.
Political rights are important... so that whatever happens you are protected by your political rights. It allows people to hold elected officials accountable and shape the policy. It also ensures that the law is acting fairly against everybody.
Human rights are not enforced by law. Legal rights are used to legally protect citizens to ensure fair trials and fair sentencing. Human rights are what every person should have, but not everyone has them.
The Equality Act takes a human rights principle... and turns it into a legal protection... for example making race a protected characteristic from discrimination to protect people's right to life, right to freedom, ect.
One example is that the right to shelter means that people are legally allowed benefits if they are unable to work for any reason. Another example is that the right to freedom of speech gives people the legal right to protest or campaign.
Members of Parliament discuss and tackle nationwide issues while local councillors focus on smaller issues in their local areas. For example, MPs focus on taxation and public institutions while local councillors focus on littering and housing.
One direct way citizens can participate in government is by voting in elections... One indirect way citizens can participate in government is by emailing their local councillor or the MP for their constituency.
One reason... is to encourage more political participation. For example, more people with the right to vote will lead to higher voter turnout. Another reason... is to ensure that government can be criticized.
The difference between human rights and legal rights is human rights is protected by law... A legal right is not apart of the human rights act but focuses on thing like discrimination, for example not getting a job because the boss rejected you for no good reason
The equality act first mentions that men and women should be treated the same, for example the right to vote and same pay. The human rights principle involves everyone so it's a law protected right.
Human rights have first of all been made into legal rights in the uk by the equality act... Human rights have been made into legal rights so people feel that they are protected by the law. This helps childrem have a healthy life style.
The first role is a mp in the house of commons, they talk about a public opinion that has been brought up. If it passes it goes to the next stage. The house of lords...
Citizens can participate in goverament indirectly by the stages of parlimeat... directly they can have a labour party to build there way to the final elections.
Political rights are important in a democracy because you need a freedom of speech so your voice can be heard. You then need a right to an opinion... because people need to hear what there doing right or wrong
A human right is a right which everyone should have but not everybody has. e.g right to education. A legal right is a right which is protected by the law and therefore cant be descriminated for
The Equality Act 2010 turned human rights into legal protections as it protects 9 characteristics which you cant discriminate against people for. e.g In 2014 same sex marriges became protected by law.
The Sexual orientation has become a legal right and you cannot discriminate against or not hire someone because of their sexual orientation. freedom of race has become a legal right and you cant for example refuse somebody access to free health care because of the colour of their skin
Both mps and local councillors are elected but mps can be part of a cabinet and be in charge of things such as healthcare whilst local councillers are responsible for things like librarys in your local area.
Citizens can become a candidate in the general election... directly? indirectly citizens could create petitions and if they get enough signitures must be discussed in parliament
Political rights are important in a democracy because it is the right to take part in political activities which arent just voting... you are able to do things like protest and hold campaigns to voice your opinions
Human rights are the things all humans have the ability and right to do. Legal rights are rights that are protected by the law which if broken can lead to punishment.
The equality act ensures by law that everyone is treated fairly and equally. For example, if you were getting treated unfairly due to Sex, age etc. you could... sue those people for breaking the Equality Act 2010.
One example is race. Now you cannot deny someone from a job due to their race. Another example of this is your sexuality. You cannot turn someone away from a job just because they are trans as that is breaking a law.
The role of a local councillors is to recognise the problems of their constituencies and try reform it by speaking to MP... The role of a MP is to suggest ideas to help the country for example changing a law to new with something.
One way citizens can participate in government directly by trying to get elected as MP/represent a constituency. One way they can participate indirectly is by creating petitions to support a cause...
Political rights are important in a democracy as it helps them express their ideas. For example, protesting... Another reason they are important is it lets the government know whats right for the country and what the people want, which will avoid angry/unhappy citizens.
Human rights are rights that are accessible to every human... Legal rights have to do with civil disputes or business issues. Legal rights are rights that are protected... if breached people are obliged to sue that person or company.
Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections because everyone is treated fairly with no bias... People also have protected characteristics such as your race, ethnicity, background and sexuality in order to make sure that everyone feels safe in the country.
One example is that people are all cared for the same way without any prejudice or bias to anyone as legal rights are in place to valve people with respect and fairness. People also have rights to a freedom of speech and a right to privacy which demonstrates how the UK cares for their citizens.
the role of an Mp is to represent the country in their specific constituencies... Local councillors are elected by a specific constituency and they represent that local area for however long they are in power...
One way how citizens can participate in government is voting. Voting gives citizens the right to express what they believe in... Another way is by paying daily taxes towards the government...
Political rights are important... because people need to feel a sense of belonging as well as know that they are protected staying in this country. A democratic country would listen to their citizens voice and represent the people...
human rights are those that everyone is granted. These rights are for everyone and include rights such as the right to privacy. legal rights are those that are backed up by law. these rights have corresponding laws to ensure they are adhered to.
The equality Act 2010 uses human rights to become legal protections by creating a basis for legal rights. For example, people have the right not to be discriminated and the equality act gathers a list of protected characteristics, such as gender or race which people can be punished for discriminating on.
The right to fair trial is implemented legally as people in the UK must be innocent until proven guilty. Another example is the right to work, which is legalised by placing a specific amount of hours that one should be allowed to work for.
Local councillors are in charge of smaller tasks within a local area. For example... councillor of education who takes on matters in the area, relating to education. MP's are in charge of representing the local area in parliament. For example, these MP's can speak for the people by communicating with the councillors...
citizens can participate in government directly by voting in an election or referendum, as their vote directly influences the outcome. They can also participate indirectly by being members of a pressure group as the group can challenge the government without being in power.
Political rights are a basis to a democracy as they mean people can do things such as campaign, say their opinion, or vote who they want freely without fear of prosecution. This is important because without these rights it is not really a democracy if people do not speak for themselves and are under government control.
Human rights are rights which protect you as a person... Legal rights are rights which protect you politically, such as in court your inocent till proven guilty.
The equality act made human rights a law... An example is right to shelter which is by law a right as you cannot be deprived from shelter unless by your will.
Right to education... is a mandatory legal and human right for cryone under 18 in the UK.
Local Councilors have the role of managing their council and can only do so within their Councils jurisdiction. The MPs... are there representing a specfic party and when are in power, they make the decisions and laws for the nation.
an indirect way to participate is pressure groups these groups campaign and protest... A direct way is to vote during a general election.
Political rights are important... as it protects the country from dictatorship or a switch in regimen. Political rights make sure that in a democracy, you cannot buy or interfere with voting and anyone who is found guilty of doing so is not allowed to vote again.
Human rights are rights that everybody is entitled to according to the united nations universal declaration... These arent enforceable in law... Legal rights are statements/privileges stated in law and breaching those rights in a country is punishable.
The Equality act 2010 turned human rights principles into legal protection by making it so employers who seem to disapprove of those searching for a job due to their race can be complained about. Characteristics such as race nationality disability or age are all examples of legal protections.
One example... is during the equality act 2010 in which age race nationality etc became legal protections to support those who fit in these categories.
Members of Parliament have to obviously attend Parliament... in order for them to represent the views of their political parties. Rules for local councillors is to support institutions like garbage collection that aren't directly government owned.
One way citizens can directly participate is through petitions... One way they can participate in government is a pressure group... Another way is through referendums... Finally they can also vote for political parties.
Political rights are important... as they make it so peoples views and opinions can be heard and represented... Another reason is that political rights make it so that views cant be suppressed and censored by the government.
Human rights are to be granted to every person on earth, however legal rights only abide to certain people in certain places. Human rights however are not legally binding in some places, so in some countries not everyone has them.
The equality act 2010 actually makes human rights legally binding. So it is an official crime if you disregard someone's human rights. This means that people have more protected characteristics...
Equality act 2010 made certain human rights legally binding, such as the rights to freedom of speech. Another example... is through the Magna Carta, as this document granted a layout for other laws to follow.
Members of parliament represent constituencies... decide on laws and changes... MPs get involved in county-wide affairs. Local councillors only work on small scale, local issues... work on schools, local sports teams and civil disputes.
Citizens can get involved in volunteering or voting directly. Indirectly they can canvass people to vote... they can also directly be called in to take part in the jury in a crime case.
Political rights are important in a democracy as they prevent political leaders from becoming corrupt, therefore it protects society... Political rights are also important... as they make sure that no one is above the law, making society fair for all people. They prevent dictatorships from happening.
Human rights are things that all people are entitled to based on the human rights Act... however legal rights are things that people in a certain place are entitled to based on their laws that they have.
The Equality act 2010 makes sort turns human rights into legal protections because there are new protected characteristics making it illegal and a crime to discriminate against someone because of them.
Equality Act in 2010 made certain human rights legally binding such as the rights to freedom of speech.
The roles of members of Parliament is to go to the House of commons and represent an area and argue for changes and what it needs. however a local councillor may represent a smaller scale to help change things more locally for the community.
Citizens firstly can particpate in government by indirectly by voting for who they think should be in power... A more direct way of citizens being able to participalbe in government is through doing jury duty.
Having political rights are important in a democracy to help make voting more fair so that voters cannot be bribed or threatened. like the secret ballot helping end just how heavy the rights be vote.
Human rights include things such as the right to live or the fight to an education, these rights on their own aren't protected by law... however a legal right is a right that is protected by law such as the right to be paid a MINIMUM wage or above as someone who is 21 years old.
The equality act 2010 made it illegal to unfairly discriminate against someone because of certain protected characteristics such as gender, meaning you can't deny someone a job just because they identify as a women for example.
The internation convention of human rights ensured that all of the countries who signed it would adhere to the human rights. The Equality act of 2010 made it illegal to discriminate against others because of certain protected characteristics such as gender.
Members of Parliament work within the houses of parliament... MPs can discuss & vote on laws to be passed in parliament. Local councilors do not work within parliament & cannot pass laws, they can however introduce policies for their local area.
Citizens can indirectly participate in government by voting for an MP within their constituency during an election. During a referendum, citizens can directly engage in Government... a vote on one particular issue.
being in a democracy doesn't just mean having the right to vote... also allows citizens to do things such as campaign for a change in a law... Without the key political rights that build a full democracy, countries may have flawed democracies or even dictatorships.
Human rights are for all humans... Legal rights are rules that are laws... like right to life.
The Equality Acts helps protect characteristics like race or age or gender... as it stop discrimination... help everyone be treated fairly.
Human rights have been made into legal rights... e.g. people are treated fair... also freedom of speech and privacy.
A local councillor reperses your area but a MPs reperses a country... MPs make decisions for the country, local reps only make decisions for their area.
Citizens can participate in government by voting... also paying taxes... helping out in communities.
Freedom of speech in a democracy as a freedom to vote. Also the political rights help focus on democracy as in a democratic country you would have to listen to the people.
Human rights are something that all humans have a right to have no matter what... e.g. speech/education. However legal rights are rights written down in law... If your a UK citizen and your 18+ you have the right to vote.
The Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections... The Equality Act 2010 states that all human rights should be recognised... Also that every human has the right to privacy.
When the labour Party came into power every child had the right to education, which was written in law... and also free health care in return we pay tax.
Members of Parliament are people who are voted to sit in Parliament... decide with the counter argument... Local Councillors are people who are incharge of a community and look after it.
Citizens can participate in goverment directly by Protesting and catching their attentions... forming a pressure group...
Political rights are important... because rules have to be set so people obey them. If political rights weren't set like the right to vote... the vote wouldn't be accurate. If there was 100 people... and only 50 voted... wouldn't be fair.
Human rights... protects characteristics... helping people... whereas legal rights - protect criminal laws and how people are conducted, for example, if someone's house burnt down... they have a right to reclaim the money.
The Equality act 2010 turned human rights into legal protections by focusing on what human rights are more ethical... passed many human rights to be a legal protection.
one example... is the right to privacy got turned into a data protection act. another example is the right to education, it has been made into a legal right as citizens need education to thrive.
local councillors only work for their specific location for example, in Rotherhithe, they have a local canal who help sort issues with the people of their areas... whereas an MP... have to focus on great britain and voting systems.
citizens can participate in the government directly by going straight to them and running campaigns and protests... Whereas they can get involved indirectly through emailing the primeminister himself...
if we didn't have a census then citizens may vote for one party multiple times without any consequences, which would make the voter turnout unfair and unethical.
The difference... is that legal rights are protected under law... laws that you have to follow... legal rights are different for countries... limited to countries.
The equality act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections... making them into law... making sure that they need to be followed and hence liable for punishment if not.
One example... Equality Act in 2010 made certain human rights were legally binding such as the rights to freedom of speech.
MPs represent their local area in parliament through an election. Councillors only address issues for their local area.
Participate in government by voting... who runs parliament... Another way... is eventually participate in government by paying attention to the news...
Important in a democracy so that making and law passing can be effective... and fair for the people... allows everyone equal pass laws.
Human rights are the universal rights that belong to every individual... legal rights are the human rights protected by law that are nationally based, meaning not every country has the same legal rights.
The equality act 2010 made the 9 protected characteristics protected by law. This means that if anyone with these characteristics is discriminated against... they can be punished by law.
1 example... right to education. It's now law for children up to 18 years old to be in school... The right to work is also protected by law as a legal right meaning that workers have the right to not be taken advantage of.
MPs... represent them in the House of Commons. They act as a mouthpiece for the collective beliefs... Local councillors... cannot pass laws, they can however introduce policies for their local area.
Citizens can possibly start a campaign to become an MP... giving flyers... They could participate indirectly through persuasive methods like sending an email to their local MP...
Promotes equality for all over 18s to have a say in how their country is run. Also rights like right to protest, allow people to influence the government in a direction... highlights a democracy that is barely flawed.
Human Rights - Something that every human is entitled to but not protected by the law. Legal Right - An established rights that are protected by law
The Magna Carta helped by demonstrating a true democracy leading to legal protection and many more rights...
The Right to protection/Safety. The Right to healthcare
local councillon - they help with small things like local fire department or libraries... Menember of Parliment - get paid, help with making elections about tax...
Direct - Citizens can vote for who they want for Prime Minister... InDirect - Citizens might vote...
To ensure everything is fair and honest to Proceed with any type of voting.
A human right is something every person should have... like the right to an education... however legal rights do not affect your everyday life and only affect you when under prosecution or in court...
In 2010 many governments... make action human rights protected by the law so you would be punished if you broke them...
One human right that
MP will affect what happens in the who country as they have a place in parliment so can change law... local councillous only decide what happens in a smaller area and may tell what they think will benefit their area...
participate in the government directly by voting or writing petition... can indirectly participate as they can write a letter to their local council or sign a petition...
If we don't have political rights in democracy... it would lead to bribery, threats... and potentially lead to a dictator being incharge. However if we do have political rights we avoid this meaning real change...
legal rights are enforced and protected by the government Whereas human rights may only [guaranteed?]... due to the horrors of the world wars.
The 2010 equality act turns human rights Principles into Legal Protections by making protection of the law and Privacy.
Prisoners were not allowed to vote... Homeless people were denied the... right to living.
Local Councillors help get the communities opinion... Local councillors only work on small scale... MPs get involved in country-wide affairs.
fully can directly go to parliament and protest or they can use social media... Indirectly talking about it...
prevent political leaders from becoming corrupt, therefore it protects society... they make sure that no one is above the law... They prevent dictatorships from happening.
Human rights is the universal declaration... declared by the newly formed united nations... Legal right enforced and protected by government.
turns human rights principles into legal protections when the citizen would suffer the same fate as the other victims of the nazis for example life, liberty...
Human rights have been made into legal rights in the uk when, sentenced principal
role of local councillors has about the location or something about house... Members of parliament is about like judge or prime ministers.
participate in government both directly and indirectly, when sometime they don't have information... they don't have men or they are busy...
political rights are important in a democracy because political things is also democracy when democracy
Human rights are given to a human from birth. Whereas legal rights change as you grow... legal rights mostly focus on law.
It is written, so that human rights are tuned into legal protections as every right that humans should have was evaluated then turnt into a law.
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Legal rights only apply in the country... Human rights apply universally.
making them legally punishable if broken. discriminate against a person for a protected characteristic like race.
right to education... legally mandatory until 16. right to life... no death penalty due to Human Rights Act.
MPs represent their constituency in Parliament... vote on Bills... Local councillors oversee the area managing departments like transport, waste...
write to their MP... indirectly... Citizens can directly participate by voting in referendums...
fair say in how the country is run... democratically elect their MP. speak up if they feel the government is acting undemocratically... direct action and protest.
Human rights are a basis... Legal rights are human rights that have been written down, codified and are protected by law.
taking the ideas that society agrees on... fair trial as written in Magna Carta...
freedom from hate speech... forced government to take action... right to life... killing is wrong.
MPs propose and review laws... recommend an idea for a new law called a bill... Local councillors manage goods, services and institutions... libraries and schools.
social media to influence public opinion... partake in a general election by voting. This would allow them to control who governs them.
laws that stem from the views and beliefs of the people... allow us to promote change and allows ruling of the people by the people.
Human rights is what everyone has, it can't be taken away from anyone... Legal rights are protected by law...
Everyone's rights can be breached and it involves various and different rights and responsibilities
Freedom of speech has been limited because of the abuse of it
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Through democracies and referendums in which the public is given their choice and voice.
So that everyone within the government has a chance to create something useful
Human rights are rights that protect humans basic needs... Legal rights are rights which protect human rights and pass law, for example Data protection act.
making sure everyone is treated the same... everyone has to be treated the same.
low human rights have been made into legal rights is right to privacy is how the data protection act.
local councillor can improve Buildings, public transport... members of parliament are meant to represent not only local communities but the whole UK
participate in government indirectly by starting Petitions and campaigns... Citizens also participate directly by voting for a political party.
ensure that everyone gets involved in politics without consequences... help countries like England to stay away from being a dictatorship...
Human rights... protect people ensuring they get basic necessity for survival... used all around the world. Legal rights are rights that protect human rights but are normal for specific countries.
reinforcing the punishments of breaking the equality act... help stop discrimination and racism.
An example of how human rights had been made in a legal rights in the UK is [Unfinished]
local councillors help commonites locally... keep local road is damaged or mores an increase of rubbish MPs are not just for one area but the whole of UK.
participate in government indirectly by starting petitions... Citizens can also participate directly by going on strikes...
anyone can get involved with politics without facing consequences... help countrys stay away from becoming dictatorships...
Legal rights are rights that are protected by law for an example, The national minimum wage... Human rights are what humans morally have for example, right to education...
people of a certain race/appearance should be treated equally... stop racism which is protected by the law.
freedom of speech which alot of people use today... right to education shows and that its protected by the law for children to go to school.
Members of parliament focuses on introducing laws and debating them... Local Councillors focuses on issues like, if they should reduce speed limit of roads that are near schools.
directly in elections... And also voting and putting them in the box. Another way they can vote indirectly by voting online.
because we get to know what's happening in the real world... gang violence happening...