Question: Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
Human rights are universal principles that belong to everyone simply because they are human. They apply from birth regardless of where you live, such as the right to life. In contrast, legal rights are specific rights written down in the laws of a country. This means they are enforceable in courts, like the UK right to a minimum wage.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
While human rights are inherent, universal entitlements possessed by virtue of birth (such as freedom from torture), legal rights are statutory protections fortified by the state. Consequently, legal rights such as the right to a fair trial are strictly enforceable within a nation's legal system, whereas human rights may exist in principle but lack enforcement in dictatorships.
Question: Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
The Act turns principles into protection by identifying nine specific 'protected characteristics' such as age, race, and disability. This makes it explicitly illegal to discriminate against anyone based on these traits. Furthermore, it provides a legal remedy for victims. This means a victim can take an employer to a Tribunal to sue for compensation if they are treated unfairly.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
The Act codifies the abstract principle of equality by establishing nine 'protected characteristics'—including race and gender—thereby rendering discrimination in the workplace not just morally wrong, but legally actionable. This allows victims to seek specific legal remedies, such as taking an employer to an Employment Tribunal to enforce their right to fair treatment.
Question: Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
One example is the human right to education, which is a legal right under the Education Act. This law compels the government to provide schools and requires parents to ensure attendance. A second example is the right to a fair standard of living, protected by the National Minimum Wage Act. This makes it a legal requirement for employers to pay a set hourly rate.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
The abstract human right to a fair standard of living has been concretized in the UK through the National Minimum Wage Act, which legally mandates a baseline income for all employees. Similarly, the Human Rights Act 1998 integrates the European Convention into UK law, allowing judges to rule on breaches of fundamental rights, such as the right to a fair trial, directly in British courts.
Question: Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
Local councillors are elected to represent a small ward and deal with local services. For example, they make decisions about bin collections, parks, and planning permission. In contrast, MPs are elected to represent a larger constituency in the House of Commons. Their role involves debating national laws that affect the whole country, like the budget.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
The distinction lies primarily in scope and legislative power: Local Councillors administer municipal services like waste management within a specific ward, whereas MPs scrutinize government policy and enact primary legislation affecting the entire sovereign state within the House of Commons.
Question: Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
Direct participation involves citizens taking personal action to influence decision-makers. This could be done by going on a protest march or signing a petition to change a law. Indirect participation is when citizens choose others to make decisions for them. The main example is voting in a General Election to choose an MP who speaks for you in Parliament.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
Citizens participate directly by bypassing representatives to influence change personally, such as through boycotts, strikes, or pressure groups. In contrast, indirect participation operates through the representative mechanism of the ballot box, surrendering decision-making power to an elected official who acts on the citizen's behalf.
Question: Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Option A: The Structured Approach
Political rights are crucial because they give citizens a voice to hold the government to account. Without the vote, citizens could not remove a bad government. Secondly, rights like freedom of speech prevent dictatorship. This ensures different opinions are heard and the government cannot hide its actions.
Option B: The Integrated Approach
Political rights are the bedrock of democratic accountability, empowering the electorate to peacefully remove an administration that fails to serve the public interest. Furthermore, rights such as freedom of speech ensure a marketplace of ideas, preventing the monopoly of truth and suppression of opposition often seen in dictatorships.
Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are universal, are rights to evreyone, legal rights are mastered and apply to only one nation region. Legal rights have consequences if broken whereas human rights are considered as 'guidelines' to protect people.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have a very good understanding of the key differences between the two types of rights.
- You correctly identify human rights as universal and legal rights as specific to a nation.
- Your point about legal rights having "consequences if broken" is excellent and clearly explains the concept of enforceability.
Targets
- A very strong answer. To make it perfect, you could have provided a specific example for each type of right (e.g., Human Right = right to life; Legal Right = right to a minimum wage).
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Equality Act 2010 protects certain characteristics that are subject to discrimination. eg. it is illegal to act on hompobia and discriminate a homosexual this correlates to the human right as you have the right to freewill.
Feedback
Strengths
- You correctly identify that the Act protects against discrimination based on "certain characteristics".
- You provide a good, specific example (homophobia/sexual orientation) and correctly state that the Act makes this illegal.
- You have successfully linked a legal protection back to a broader human rights principle (freewill).
Targets
- This is a very good answer. To improve further, you could use the specific term 'protected characteristics' and explain the legal remedy (i.e., that a person can take someone to court if they are discriminated against).
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Children have the right to an education therefore the uk has made it a legal right for a child to attend school until the age of 16. There is also the right to a fair pay, union is legalised through the minimum wage.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer with two distinct and very well-explained examples.
- You correctly identify the right to education and explain how it is legally enforced through compulsory schooling.
- You correctly identify the right to fair pay and explain that it is legally protected by the Minimum Wage Act.
Targets
- No targets. Excellent work.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
local councillors attend to the problems within a local area e.g Southwark council. They deal with problems such as road work. Members of Parliament represent a constituency in which there are 650. MPs gather issues from the constitients and represent these issues in parliament to the cabinet/PM.
Feedback
Strengths
- A superb answer full of specific, accurate knowledge.
- You correctly identify the local focus of councillors and the national focus of MPs.
- Your use of key terms like "constituency" and the specific number "650" is excellent.
- You clearly explain the representative role of an MP, taking issues to Parliament.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
citizens can vote in elections and referendums. citizens can send letters to their mps. However they can indirectly make discussion groups about their pouncal opinion.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified several valid methods of participation, including voting, referendums, and contacting MPs.
Targets
- You have not clearly explained the difference between 'direct' and 'indirect'. Voting in an election is indirect, but voting in a referendum is direct. Contacting an MP is indirect. You need to correctly categorise your examples and explain *why* they are direct or indirect.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are essential to the term democracy. For example Russia have a democracy, however citizens are violently/psycologically mediated to select the for one government.
Feedback
Strengths
- Your example of Russia is a very good way to explain what happens in the *absence* of protected political rights, showing you understand their importance in a *true* democracy.
Targets
- This is a single, well-developed point. To get full marks, you should have also explained the positive case: what does having a political right like the 'right to vote' actually do? (e.g., it allows citizens to choose their leaders and hold them accountable).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights aren't protected by law but more associated with moral and ethical rights such as identifying with being homosexual as you have the right to express yourself freely. Legal righs are protected by the constitution and enforced through police and judiciary. For example, the right to a fair trial.
Feedback
Strengths
- A fantastic answer that clearly explains the core difference between moral/ethical human rights and enforceable legal rights.
- You provide excellent, relevant examples for both concepts (self-expression vs. a fair trial).
- You correctly identify that legal rights are enforced by the police and judiciary.
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equaliy act of 2010 allows people to have protected characteristics. For example your sex, gender or belief. As it is now converted to legal rights its now considered as a hate crime meaning the offender will suffer fines or community service...
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer. You correctly identify 'protected characteristics' and provide good examples.
- You explain the legal consequences very well, linking discrimination to hate crime and specific punishments like fines, showing a detailed understanding of legal protection.
Targets
- No targets, this is a perfect answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example is the right to have a family... Due to this if you have migrated to another country you are protected by law for your family to go with you. Another example is right to expression. Due to this protests and demonstrations are legalised...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two good examples of human rights that are protected by law in the UK: the right to family life and the right to expression (protest).
Targets
- These points need more specific development. For the right to family life, you could have mentioned the Human Rights Act 1998. For the right to protest, you could explain that while it is legal, it is also limited by laws to protect public order.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy as without it people wouldn't have the right to vote meaning opinions were being moulded and could be a form of propoganda as you are just having unlimited access to what the government think is best leaving you with zero independence.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the right to vote as a key political right.
- You have developed this point excellently by explaining what the absence of this right leads to: propaganda, lack of choice, and loss of independence. This shows a very strong conceptual understanding.
Targets
- This is a single, very well-developed point. To achieve full marks, you needed to make a second, distinct point (e.g., about freedom of speech or the right to protest).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights aren't Protected by law but more associated with moral and ethical rights such as... the right to express yourself freely. Legal righs are protected by the constitution and enforced through police and judiciary. For example, the right to a fair trial.
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding answer. You have perfectly captured the difference between unenforceable moral/ethical rights and legally enforceable rights.
- You correctly identify that legal rights are enforced by the state (police and judiciary).
- You provide excellent examples to illustrate both concepts.
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equaliy act of 2010 allows people to have protected characteristics. For example your sex, gender or belief. As it is now converted to legal rights its now considered as a hate crime meaning the offender will suffer fines or community service or if in a work place disbandment...
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent and detailed answer.
- You correctly identify 'protected characteristics' and provide good examples.
- You clearly explain the legal consequences, correctly linking discrimination to 'hate crime' and specific punishments like fines, which shows a very strong understanding.
Targets
- No targets, this is a perfect answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example is the right to have a family... Due to this if you have migrated to another country you are protected by law for your family to go with you. Another example is right to expression. Due to this protests and demonstrations are legalised...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two good examples of human rights that have legal protections in the UK (right to family life and right to expression/protest).
Targets
- Your points need to be developed with more specific legal detail. For example, the right to family life is protected by the Human Rights Act 1998. The right to protest is also protected by this Act, but it is limited by other laws like the Public Order Act. Naming the specific laws would secure the development marks.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
MP's are elected through the constitueng (650). they are payed and express the public views in parliament of their consetuency in house of commons. Local councillors are payed and also elected by their local are.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very strong answer full of specific knowledge.
- You correctly identify how MPs are elected, their number (650), where they work, and what they do.
- You provide a clear contrast with local councillors, explaining they are also elected but for a local area.
Targets
- To be absolutely perfect, you could have added a specific example of a local councillor's duties (e.g., managing local parks), but this is more than enough for full marks.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can indirectly participate in government is by making your case by persuasion than action, for example during MP questions. Citizens can directly participate through writing a leter to your MP about an issue you feel strongly about...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two valid ways that citizens can participate in the political process (persuasion/lobbying and writing to an MP).
Targets
- You have reversed the definitions of 'direct' and 'indirect'. Any action where you ask a representative (like an MP) to act on your behalf is *indirect*. *Direct* participation is when you take the action yourself, like voting in a referendum or going on a protest.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in democracy as it shows your opinion is expressed as democray means having a fair society where civilions are valued. Political rights mean you are able to vote when your 18...
Feedback
Strengths
- You make two good points: that political rights allow opinions to be expressed, and they include the right to vote.
Targets
- To get the development marks, you need to explain *why* these things are important for a democracy. For example, why is it important that you can vote? Because it allows citizens to choose their leaders and hold the government accountable for its actions.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human right are the universal that protects everyone showing them their right like the right to live, work etc. and legal right that have been written for everyone to follow with a consequence if they don't follow like language.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very good answer. You correctly define human rights as universal principles for everyone.
- You provide an excellent contrast by defining legal rights as written, mandatory laws that have a "consequence" if they are not followed, which clearly explains the concept of enforceability.
Targets
- No targets, this is a full-mark answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equality act 2010 has turned human right principle to legal protection through creating the protected characteristic such as your marital status and your race. Another reason is the equal pay between both gender as women tend to get payed less than men.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the 'protected characteristics' and given good examples.
- You have also provided an excellent, specific example of what the Act protects: the right to equal pay for equal work.
Targets
- This is a very strong answer that shows good knowledge. To improve, you could explicitly state that the Act makes discrimination *illegal* and that there are legal remedies (like going to court).
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
In the human right act there is a right to a fair trial so in court you not able to bribe the judge as it is illegal to do so. There is also a right to a family home so if a couple gets divorced they dont need to leave the home if their financial stability is bad.
Feedback
Strengths
- Your first example is excellent. You correctly identify the right to a fair trial, link it to the Human Rights Act, and give a clear example of what it means in practice (not being able to bribe a judge).
- Your second point about the right to a family home is also a valid example of a right protected by law.
Targets
- A very strong answer. To make the second point as strong as the first, you could have named the specific laws that protect it (e.g., The Family Law Act).
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are typically seperate from the legal system so it isn't protected by law, except if it becomes an Act like the Human Right Act 1998. - Legal rights apply to everyone and it is enforced by the legal system, so they are rights that everyone has due to the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding answer showing a sophisticated understanding of the relationship between the two concepts.
- Your point that human rights are separate *unless* they are turned into a law like the Human Rights Act is excellent.
- Your definition of legal rights as being universally applicable within a country and enforced by the legal system is perfect.
Targets
- No targets. A model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 prevents the discrimination of people due to protected characteristics. - This had criminalised discrimination like hate crime. - This links to human rights such as the right to the freedom of belies. - So the Equality Act protects people lawfully against discrimination.
Feedback
Strengths
- A superb answer that covers all aspects of the question.
- You correctly identify 'protected characteristics' as the key mechanism.
- You correctly state that the Act criminalised discrimination, linking it to hate crime.
- Your example linking this legal protection to the human right to 'freedom of belief' is excellent.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Human Rights Act in 1998 had made human rights apart of the UK's law. This made sure it connected human rights to the legal rights so everyone's human rights are protected by law. The Equality Act 2010 had protected people from discrimination due to their protected characteristics. - This involves religion or race or sexual orientation so it allowed everyone to believe and feel anything they wanted without backlash whilst being protected by law.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer with two distinct, well-chosen, and excellently explained examples.
- You correctly identify both the Human Rights Act and the Equality Act.
- You clearly explain the function of both Acts and even provide specific examples of the rights protected by the Equality Act.
Targets
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
local councillors are elected, but unpaid and are chosen by the people and they are in charge of maintaining their council such as budgets for the development of projects like new leisure centres. - MPs are also elected within their constituency and are paid and they bring ideas or queries that people may bring to the MP, so they can propose this idea in the House of Commons...
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent, detailed, and accurate answer.
- You clearly explain the role of a local councillor with a perfect example (budgets for leisure centres).
- You clearly contrast this with the role of a paid, constituency-based MP who proposes ideas in the House of Commons.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
- Directly through going on strike or protesting or being a pressure group. - This is an action that atizens may participate in, in order to encourage the government into listening to them. - Indirect through creating petitions or going in the news to sway the public view.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have given excellent examples of direct participation (striking, protesting, pressure groups) and developed the point well.
Targets
- You have miscategorised 'creating petitions' as indirect. A petition is a form of *direct* participation because the citizen is taking the action themselves. You needed to give an example of indirect participation, such as voting for an MP, to get full marks.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
- Political rights ensure that atleast everyone (of legal age) can vote despite their opinions or backgrounds. - This makes sure that the outcome of the vote is actually representative of the wide diverse beliefs and opinions of the society. - Political rights ensure that people's privacy is also protected whilst they vote. - This makes sure that their own political beliefs can be kept for themselves, so they don't face backlash from people who may disagree with them.
Feedback
Strengths
- A truly outstanding answer. You make two distinct, sophisticated, and perfectly explained points.
- You correctly link the right to vote to ensuring the government is truly representative of society.
- You correctly link the right to a secret ballot (privacy) to preventing backlash and ensuring people can vote without fear.
Targets
- No targets. One of the best answers possible for this question.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One difference of human rights and legal rights is that legal rights are enforced by the law. For example the right to education is enforced by the cun but the right to shelter isnt.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly defined legal rights as being enforced by law.
- Your example comparing the legal status of the right to education versus the right to shelter is a very good and insightful way to explain the difference in practice.
Targets
- This is a single well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second point, such as explaining that human rights are universal moral principles that exist even without laws.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
one way the equality act turns human rights into legal protection is by allowing making characteristics protected from discrimination.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key mechanism of the Act: protecting people from discrimination based on their 'characteristics'.
Targets
- This is a good starting point. To get the development mark, you needed to give an example of a protected characteristic (e.g., race, gender, disability). To get the other two marks, you would need a second point, such as explaining that the Act makes discrimination illegal and allows people to go to court.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of how human rights have been made legal rights is education. For example the law says that kids must go to school or else there will be a fine. Another example of how human rights have been made into legal rights is the right to free press.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very strong answer with two clear and distinct examples.
- Your first example on the right to education is perfectly explained, showing how the human right is enforced with a specific legal consequence (a fine).
- Your second example, the right to a free press, is also an excellent choice.
Targets
- To make this a perfect answer, you could have developed your second point by explaining *how* the free press is protected (e.g., through laws that prevent the government from censoring newspapers).
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The role of an MP is to represent the party of their consitbency.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified that an MP represents a constituency.
Targets
- This is only a partial answer. You have not mentioned the role of a local councillor at all. You need to contrast the national role of an MP (debating in Parliament) with the local role of a councillor (dealing with local services like parks and bins).
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
one way citizens can participate in government is through voting. For example they are able to select the next prime minister. Another way citizens can participate in government is through Election. For example if a citizen is lobed by the public they can become an MP.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified two different methods of participation: voting for a leader and standing for election yourself.
Targets
- A good answer, but you haven't used the terms 'direct' and 'indirect' correctly. Voting for a representative is *indirect*. Standing for election yourself to become a decision-maker is a form of *direct* participation. You need to be clear on which is which.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy because it leads to a better understanding in politics and democrats in the citizens for example this is because they would know what their rights are and this would lead to a far more stable democratic country.
Feedback
Strengths
- You make a very good point that political rights help citizens understand politics and know what their rights are, which leads to a more stable democracy.
Targets
- This is one well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second point. For example, you could name a specific right, like the right to vote, and explain that this allows citizens to hold their government accountable.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
A human right is a right given universally given to everyone from birth. It is more of a morally-accepted term than legally-protected, e.g right to life... A legal right is a right protected by law through parliament act e.g the Equality Act 2010. These rights cannot be taken away from you, usually, unless you are a convicted offender.
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding, sophisticated answer.
- You provide perfect definitions for both terms, clearly explaining the difference between a "morally-accepted" human right and a "legally-protected" right.
- Your examples are precise, and your point about legal rights only being removable through a legal process shows a very high level of understanding.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 protects 9 characteristics; gender, sexual orientation, gender reassignment, age, race, religion, pregnancy & maternity, marriage & civil partnership, and disability. This makes it so any form of discrimination, victimisation or prejudice towards against you BECAUSE of these characteristics are punishable by the law. This creates a more harmonious society...
Feedback
Strengths
- An absolutely perfect answer, demonstrating comprehensive knowledge.
- You have correctly listed all nine of the protected characteristics, which is exemplary.
- You clearly explain that discrimination based on these characteristics is "punishable by the law".
Targets
- No targets. It would be difficult to write a better answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
1) Human Rights Act 1998 -> an act, which is a law passed by parliament, protecting numerous human rights. For example, the right to education, shelter, freedom of expression, speech, and right to be free of torture. 2) Equality Act 2010 -> an act, which is a law passed by parliament, protecting numerous human rights. For example, your race, disability, age cannot be changed, and is a characteristic from birth...
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding answer with two clear, distinct, and well-supported examples.
- You correctly identify two key pieces of legislation (Human Rights Act and Equality Act).
- For each Act, you provide specific and accurate examples of the rights they protect, demonstrating a comprehensive knowledge of UK law.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Local councillors -> elected, unpaid members of a local society who volunteer to be elected to join their local council. They hear concerns and issues by members of their local society. They use money given to them by government solely to fund local projects or improve faulities. Members of Parliament -> elected, paid members of a political party who represent their constituency... They hear concerns and issues from citizens of society and raise these issues as questions to the cabinet in parliament.
Feedback
Strengths
- An absolutely fantastic answer, full of precise detail and a clear structure.
- You perfectly contrast the roles, covering their status (unpaid vs paid), their remit (local projects vs national issues in parliament), and their accountability (local society vs constituency/cabinet).
Targets
- No targets. A truly model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Directly -> writing letters to their local MP regarding their issues, problems and many more of their community. They can also go on protests publicly, to raise awareness about a specific issue their society is facing... Indirectly -> starting a petition over a particular issue; once the petition reaches 100,000 signatures it must be raised in parliament...
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer showing a strong understanding of different forms of participation.
- You have given multiple valid examples for direct participation (writing letters, protesting).
- Your example for indirect participation (petitions that must be debated in parliament) is superb and shows a high level of specific knowledge.
Targets
- **Correction:** While writing to an MP involves a representative, it is usually considered a form of *direct* participation as the citizen is taking the action themselves to voice an opinion. However, your other examples are so strong that this answer still achieves full marks.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are essential in a democracy. This is because it allows citizens to have a say on who represents them in their every-day life. Additionally, it integrates society more with politics because it makes their voices seem more important and heard. More engagement in politics increases voter turnout which leads to more support for political parties, and therefore a more influential government and more democracy in society...
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding answer that explains the importance of political rights at a deep, conceptual level.
- You correctly state that rights allow citizens to "have a say".
- Your development of this point is fantastic, explaining the chain of positive consequences: rights lead to engagement, which leads to higher turnout, which leads to a more influential and democratic government. This is a very sophisticated argument.
Targets
- No targets. A brilliant answer.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The diffrences between human rights and legal rights is that human rights is something you are born with but not legally protected usually. for example, the right for free speach. Legal rights are rights that are protected by law, for example, the right to a fair trail.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key difference: human rights are not always legally protected, while legal rights are.
- You have provided a valid example for each type of right.
Targets
- This is a good start. To get the development marks, you should explain that human rights are 'universal' moral principles, whereas legal rights are specific laws created by a particular country and are enforceable by the courts.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protection, by protecting peoples identity. for example a human right is the right to have one or more identity. This is protected llegaly by the Equality Act 2010, which prevent discrimination of the 9 protected characteristcs. For example, Gender, religoun, sexual prefrence and more.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very strong answer. You have a clear understanding of the Act's purpose to protect identity.
- You correctly identify the '9 protected characteristics' and provide multiple, accurate examples.
- You correctly state that this protection is legally enforced by the Act.
Targets
- No targets. This is a full-mark answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of how a human right has been made into legal rights in the UK, is the right to a family life, a human right turned into a legal one that prevents individuals from being deported if they have started a family. Another example is the right to free speech. This has been legalised as it is legal to have a protest, saying your opinion...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two good and distinct examples of human rights that are legally protected in the UK (right to family life and right to free speech/protest).
Targets
- These points need to be developed with specific laws. For example, both the right to family life and the right to free speech are legally protected in the UK primarily through the Human Rights Act 1998. Naming the specific Act would have secured the development marks.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
An local councillors is elected by their local area. However Mps are elected in their representative constitubrens. Another difference is the local councilors are not paid. However MPs are paid. A key diffrences is that MPs sit on cabinets, whereas local councillors don't.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent, detailed answer that shows a strong knowledge of the UK political system.
- You correctly contrast how both are elected but at different levels (local area vs. constituency).
- You correctly identify the difference in pay and status (unpaid vs. paid).
- Your point about MPs sitting in cabinet is a sophisticated and accurate point of difference.
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can participate in Government by directly voting during a referendum, this directly inpacts government. A way they can indirectly participate is by expressing their opinion online through media platform such as twitter or tiktok...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have given an excellent example of direct participation (voting in a referendum) and correctly explained why it is direct.
Targets
- Your second example, expressing an opinion online, is another form of *direct* participation. You have mislabelled it as indirect. You needed to provide an example of indirect participation, such as voting for an MP, and explain why that is different.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Democracy is the UKs main and key feature. Democracy means people and govern. This is a clear explaination of the UK depending on the people for it to be governed. If people don't have political rights, democracy is lost loosing its key aspect.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have a good understanding that political rights are a "key aspect" of democracy.
Targets
- Your answer explains what democracy is, but it doesn't explain why political rights are important for it. You need to name a specific political right (e.g., the right to vote) and explain its function (e.g., it allows people to choose their leaders and hold them accountable).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
human rights are not lawful legal rights go under the rule of law and apply to everyone and protected by law.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly stated that legal rights are protected by the 'rule of law'.
Targets
- Your definitions are confused. Stating that human rights "are not lawful" is too simplistic. Human rights are moral principles that can *become* lawful if a government passes a law to protect them. You need to be clearer on this distinction.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equality act turned human rights into principles as they now ensure the safety of others as they are rules that apply to everyone and are now under the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- You understand that the Act created rules that apply to everyone.
Targets
- This answer is far too vague. You need to explain the specific mechanism of the Act. It protects people from discrimination based on nine 'protected characteristics' (e.g., age, race, gender). You must mention this to get marks.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The human rights act it has been protected by law and so is everyone else
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the Human Rights Act.
Targets
- This is just a name of an Act. You need to explain *what* it does. For example, the Act protects the 'right to a fair trial'.
- You have only provided one example, but the question asks for two.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Mps are party part of a party and are selected by everyone in the country. local councillors are voted by people but in a specific area.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key difference in their electoral basis: MPs for the country and councillors for a specific area.
Targets
- Your description of how MPs are selected is slightly inaccurate (they are elected by a constituency, not everyone in the country). To get the development marks, you need to explain what each of them *does*. For example, an MP debates national laws in Parliament, while a councillor deals with local services like parks.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Direct - voting, protesting. Indirect - making pet petitions and trying to persuade someone.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified some valid methods of participation.
Targets
- You have mixed up the definitions. Voting is the main form of *indirect* participation. Protesting and making petitions are forms of *direct* participation. You need to learn the correct definitions for these key terms.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are international and not required countries are not forced to recognise them. Legal rights are enshrined in a countries' law and institutions must recognise them. Breaches of human rights by countries rarely meets punishment while breaches of legal rights will mean you face legal consequences.
Feedback
Strengths
- A superb and highly sophisticated answer.
- You perfectly distinguish between non-binding international human rights and legally enshrined domestic rights.
- Your final point explaining the difference in "consequences" for breaching each type of right is outstanding and shows a full understanding of the concept of enforceability.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equality act 2010 made it so human rights against discrimination, which were international and not required to be recognised, became codified into law meaning UK institutions could not breach them. We see this with how it is considered illegal to call someone a racial slur.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have an excellent understanding of how a human rights principle becomes law, using the correct term "codified into law".
- Your example of making a racial slur illegal is a good, practical illustration of the Act's power.
Targets
- This is a single well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second point explaining the *mechanism* the Act uses, which is the creation of the nine 'protected characteristics'.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The right to sexual self-determination of women became a legal right with the passing of the Marriage Act 1996. The right to not be discriminated against became a legal right with the passing of the equality act 2010.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two good and distinct examples of human rights that have been made into legal rights in the UK.
- Your specific knowledge of the Marriage Act 1996 is impressive.
Targets
- To get the development marks, you need to explain your points in more detail. For the Equality Act, what kind of discrimination did it outlaw? (e.g., based on race, gender etc.). For your first point, what aspect of self-determination did the Act protect?
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Local councillors have the role of administrating constituencies... MPs represent these constituencies in parliament and have to have some political party represent them.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified that councillors administer local areas, while MPs represent those areas in Parliament.
Targets
- Your answer is a little brief. To get the development marks, you should give a specific example of the duties of each role. What does "administrating" a constituency mean for a councillor? (e.g. managing local services like libraries). What does "representing" in parliament mean for an MP? (e.g. debating and voting on new laws).
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
citizens can participate in government directly by running for the office of MP themselves and also vote for their preferred candidate in elections. They can also petition the government for more change.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very strong answer. You have correctly identified clear examples for both direct (running for office, petitioning) and indirect (voting for a candidate) participation.
- By providing multiple examples, you have shown a comprehensive knowledge of the topic.
Targets
- No targets. This is a very good answer that is sufficient for full marks.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights as being held by everyone ensures that a democracy is truly representative of everyone's interests. Such political rights include the right to vote, the right to stand for election etc. they are important because if they are absent a democracy cannot function properly (more like an electoral dictatorship than a liberal democracy).
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding and very sophisticated answer.
- You perfectly explain the core purpose of political rights: to ensure a government is "truly representative".
- Your development is excellent, explaining what a state becomes without these rights - an "electoral dictatorship". This shows a very high level of conceptual understanding.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
A human right is a set of rights that everyones entitled to in the world whes such as the right to an education / right to life. Whereas a legal right is something that must actually be enforced.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have provided a good, clear definition for both human rights and legal rights.
- You correctly identify that human rights are universal entitlements, while legal rights are enforceable.
Targets
- To get the development mark for your point on legal rights, you needed to explain *how* they are enforced (e.g., by the police and the courts) or give a specific example (e.g., the right to a minimum wage).
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The 2010 Equality Act turnt human rights into legal protedion as it consisted of rights that ensure everyoner protected and safe and doesn't face oppression or discrimination.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have a good general understanding of the purpose of the Act, which is to protect people from oppression and discrimination.
Targets
- This answer is too vague. You need to explain the specific *mechanism* the Act uses to provide this protection. The key detail is the nine 'protected characteristics' (e.g., race, age, disability). You must mention these to get more marks.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example was the right for children to play.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a human right that is recognised internationally (e.g. by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child).
Targets
- You need to explain how this is made into a *legal right* in the UK. For example, you could say that local councils have a legal duty to provide parks and play areas.
- The question asks for *two* examples, but you have only given one.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Some roles of being a member of parlament can be to be a part of the house of commons where you can create a bill... Local Councillers are expected to attend to issues the locals.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a key role of an MP: creating bills in the House of Commons.
Targets
- Your description of a councillor's role is too vague. You need to give a specific example of a local "issue" they attend to (e.g., waste collection, local parks). You need to clearly contrast their local duties with the national duties of an MP.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can participate in government by doing direct actions which include demonstrations and advocacy. While indirect action participatin in goverment includes indirect action involving petitions.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified demonstrations and advocacy as forms of direct action.
Targets
- You have miscategorised petitions as 'indirect'. Signing a petition is a form of *direct* participation.
- You have not provided any example of indirect participation at all. The most common example is voting for a representative (like an MP).
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy because it allows citizens to participate and be a part of the process when it comes to voting for the next leader. This then shows a democratic system of voting.
Feedback
Strengths
- You correctly identify that political rights allow citizens to participate.
- You provide the key example of voting for a leader.
Targets
- This is a single, well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second, distinct point. For example, you could have discussed the importance of freedom of speech, which allows citizens to criticise the government and debate issues.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are universal rights that everyone has and has had since birth. They are principals which belong to everyone simply because they are human like the right to a life. Legal rights are rights which are applied in court of which citizens of a country has and are legally enforced by the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have given a very good, clear definition of human rights as universal principles from birth.
- You correctly state that legal rights are applied in court and enforced by law.
Targets
- This is a very strong answer. To guarantee the development marks, you could have slightly improved your legal rights definition by stating that they are *created* by a country's laws and can be different in different countries, unlike universal human rights.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way the Equality act 2010 turns human rights prinables into legal protections is it allows the freedom of belief. This protects people from discrimination as it allows them to belief believe what they want. Another way is it turns the freedom of liberty into a law which protects people in areas such as in the workplace.
Feedback
Strengths
- Your first point is good. You have correctly identified that the Act protects the right to freedom of belief.
Targets
- To develop your first point, you should use the term 'protected characteristic' of 'religion or belief'.
- Your second point about 'freedom of liberty' is too vague. You should have named another specific protected characteristic, such as age, disability, or race.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the uk is through the human right to education. This has been made into a legal right as children now legally have to stay in school until the age of 16. Another example is the human right to life. This has been made into a legal right because the death sentence in the UK is illegal meaning that nobody is legally allowed to be killed.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer with two distinct, well-chosen, and excellently explained examples.
- Your explanation of the right to education being enforced by compulsory schooling is perfect.
- Your second example, linking the right to life to the abolition of the death penalty, is very sophisticated and shows a high level of understanding.
Targets
- No targets. Outstanding work.
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
A local councillor is elected by the public and are responsable for local services. For example in areas such as social housing leisure services and scrutinising the work of the council or cabinet. Members of Parliament are directly involved in the Parliament and have more important reponsabilities. For example, they scrutinise the government and prime minister and can also sit on the shadow cabinet.
Feedback
Strengths
- A superb, detailed answer that shows a strong knowledge of the UK political system.
- You clearly explain the distinct roles, providing excellent, specific examples for both the local responsibilities of a councillor and the national duties of an MP.
- Your use of terms like "scrutinising the work of the council" and "shadow cabinet" is excellent.
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer.
Compare with Model Answer →
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way citizens can participate directly is through general elections. This allows them to have a vote in who they want in power... A way citzens can participate indirectly is through petitions. This indirect participation allows them to raise specific issues up to parliament where they are discussed...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two valid methods of participation: voting in general elections and using petitions.
Targets
- You have reversed the key terms. Voting for a representative (an MP) in a general election is the main example of *indirect* participation. Creating or signing a petition is a form of *direct* participation. You must learn the correct definitions.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important because they allow people to have a say in how they want their country ran. For example the right to vote allows them to choose who they vote for. Another reason... is due to the fact that they allow expression of views without censorship...
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer. You have correctly identified two distinct and important political rights: the right to vote and the right to freedom of expression.
- You have explained the importance of the right to vote well.
Targets
- Your two points are both excellent. This is a very strong answer that is borderline full marks. To guarantee the 4 marks, you could have developed the second point on free expression a little more clearly.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Legal rights are right enshrined in law... and human right are a list of rights countries are advised to follow. human rights can be enshrined in law making them legal rights like the right to freedom.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have a good definition of legal rights as rights that are "enshrined in law".
Targets
- Your definition of human rights as a "list of rights countries are advised to follow" is a good start, but needs more detail. You should explain that they are considered universal moral principles.
- You need to make the contrast between the two clearer and provide a second distinct point.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Equality Act makes it to discriminate against a person's protected characteristics which is one principle in the list of human rights this protects people from discrimination.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key mechanism of the Act ('protected characteristics') and linked it to the broader principle of human rights.
Targets
- This is a good start. To get the development mark, you need to provide an example of a protected characteristic (e.g., race, gender, disability). For a second point, you should explain the legal consequence (i.e., that a person can take an organisation to court for discrimination).
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Firstly, the right to marry the same gender has recently been ruled legal in the UK after people applied pressure on the government to do so. Another example is the right to life as the death penalty is not used as it violates this and is part of human right.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer with two distinct and well-chosen examples.
- Your first example on same-sex marriage is contemporary and shows a good understanding of how social pressure can lead to legal change.
- Your second example, linking the right to life with the abolition of the death penalty, is a sophisticated and accurate point.
Targets
- No targets. This is a very strong answer.
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Local councillors listen to the suggestion of people in their local area and this could be making the roads safer for commuters by imposing speed limits and housing. Member of MPs however listen to the needs of the constituency and these suggestions are for matter affecting the entire UK like immigration.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer that clearly distinguishes between the two roles.
- You provide excellent, specific, and well-contrasted examples for both roles (local road safety vs. national immigration policy).
- You correctly use the term 'constituency' for an MP.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way is by voting in elections or referendums which allows them to directly participate in the government by choosing representative that mirror their view. Another way is through pressure e.g. on social media...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified several valid methods of participation (voting, referendums, social media pressure).
Targets
- You have confused the definitions. You state that voting in an election to choose a representative is 'direct' participation, which is incorrect - this is the main example of *indirect* participation. A referendum is direct, but you have grouped them together. You need to be clear on the difference.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
If there are no political rights in a democracy it undermines the democracy as the people will not hold power. For example without the right to vote for all or parts of a population it doesn't allow everyone to be heard.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have made an excellent point that without political rights, people cannot "hold power" (i.e. hold the government to account).
- You have developed this point well with the specific example of the right to vote, explaining it allows people "to be heard".
Targets
- This is a single, well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second, distinct point. For example, you could have discussed the right to freedom of speech and explained how that allows for public debate.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The difference between human rights and legal rights is that legal rights are rights that are protected by law that give indivduals entitlements and protection. However, human rights are rights that everyone has but they are not protected by the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key difference between the two types of rights: legal rights are protected by law, while human rights are not necessarily.
Targets
- This is a good start. To get the development marks, you need to provide an example for each type of right (e.g., Human Right = the idea of a fair wage; Legal Right = the specific Minimum Wage Act). This would show you fully understand the difference in practice.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 protects certain indivduals from discrimination by law. For example one Act this covers is age, this means that no matter how old or young you are people are legally not allowed to discriminate against you.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a protected characteristic (age).
- You have developed your point well by explaining clearly that this means it is illegal to discriminate against someone because of their age.
Targets
- This is a single well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second, distinct point. For example, you could have mentioned another protected characteristic like 'race' or 'disability'.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way how human rights have been made into a legal right is Freedom of Speech which would allow people to have legal rights instead of it being a human right.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a human right (freedom of speech) that has been turned into a legal right.
Targets
- You need to develop your point by explaining *how* it was made into a legal right. You should name the specific law, which is the Human Rights Act 1998.
- The question asks for *two* examples, but you have only provided one.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
local councillors are people with power and give their local community a voice and represents them. However, members of parliament make, discuss and debate laws and other rising concerns about the country.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key difference between the two roles: councillors have a local focus ("local community"), while MPs have a national focus ("concerns about the country").
Targets
- To get the development marks, you need to provide a specific example for each role. What local issue might a councillor give their community a voice on? (e.g. local park closures). What laws might an MP debate? (e.g. laws on national healthcare).
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way that citizens can directly participate in government directly is through petitions. For example if you create a petition online and it gets over a certain amount of signatures, the government will discuss that topic at their next gathering.
Feedback
Strengths
- Your explanation of direct participation is excellent. You have chosen a great example (petitions) and shown specific knowledge of how parliamentary petitions work, which is a very strong point.
Targets
- You have not provided an example of *indirect* participation. To get the final mark, you needed to give an example, such as voting for an MP, and explain that it is indirect because you are choosing someone to represent you.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy because they allow people to partake in the democratic country. Additionally, a country would not be democratic if there were no political rights.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified that political rights are essential for participation and for a country to be considered a democracy.
Targets
- Your answer is circular (e.g. "rights are important because a country wouldn't be a democracy without them"). You need to develop your points with specific examples. *What* political right allows people to partake? (e.g., the right to vote). *Why* is that important? (e.g., it holds the government accountable).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are Legal rights are protected by law. For example the consumer rights act states a person has the right to a refund if the product is not of satisfactory quality.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have given a very good, clear, and well-explained example of a legal right.
Targets
- You have not defined human rights at all. You need to explain that human rights are universal moral principles (like the right to life) and contrast them with specific, enforceable legal rights like the one you have described.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Equality Act ensured the safety of others as they are rules to apply to everyone that protect people.
Feedback
Strengths
- You understand the general purpose of the Act is to create rules that apply to everyone to protect them.
Targets
- This answer is too vague. You must explain the specific mechanism of the Act, which is the creation of nine 'protected characteristics' (like race, age, and disability) and making it illegal to discriminate against someone because they have one of these characteristics.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Directly - Voting Indirectly - Pressure groups. For example Sarah's law...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two valid methods of participation (voting and pressure groups).
Targets
- You have reversed the definitions. Voting is the main form of *indirect* participation. Joining a pressure group is a form of *direct* participation. You must learn the correct definitions for these key terms.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
human rights are universal principles that people have and are entitled to. just because they are human. They are applied from when your born regardless of where you live but some countries ignore human rights... Whereas legal rights are specific rights backed up by human rights and you have to follow them in every country. diffrent countrys have diffrent legal rights.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer showing a very clear and sophisticated understanding.
- You perfectly define human rights as "universal principles" from birth.
- You provide a great contrast, explaining that legal rights are specific, mandatory, and different in different countries.
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Feedback
Strengths
Targets
- This question was not answered. You need to know that the Equality Act 2010 made it illegal to discriminate based on nine 'protected characteristics' like age, race, and disability.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
one example could be the human right that states you have the right to be judged fairly.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a very important human right that has been made into a legal right in the UK.
Targets
- This is a single, undeveloped point. To get more marks, you should have explained *how* this right is protected legally (e.g., through the Human Rights Act 1998).
- The question asks for *two* examples, but you have only provided one.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
For mendpers of Parianere there are back benchers, Cabinets, shadow cabiners... local courveil that handle the sering ther paves but locally. mps are very responsive for hainus issues...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have named several correct terms associated with Parliament.
Targets
- This answer is very confused and does not clearly explain the different roles. You need to state that MPs work at a national level in Parliament, debating laws for the whole country (like on the NHS), while councillors work for a local council and deal with local services (like bin collections).
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can parnicitare in govenmerk through the inernet as well as lobbying, canvassing, inurrest groups and also by voring on the indever.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have listed several valid ways that citizens can participate in politics.
Targets
- The question asks you to explain the difference between *direct* and *indirect* participation. You have listed several methods but have not categorised them or explained the difference. Voting is indirect, while lobbying and joining interest groups are forms of direct participation.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
they Form a strong and steady base mechonory which people/citizens can refrence the goverment and hod their leader accountable. They ensue that the governmen Focuses on the needs of the citizens rather then their operaing idependently.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified the single most important function of political rights in a democracy: holding leaders accountable.
- You have developed this point very well by explaining that this ensures the government focuses on the needs of its citizens.
Targets
- This is one excellent, well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second, distinct point. For example, you could mention a specific right, like freedom of speech, and explain why that is also vital for democracy.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are principles and they apply to everyone from birth. Whilst. legal rights come from the law of the country and are enforceable in court's. (right to remain silent) (The freedom of speech)
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer that clearly and concisely explains the difference.
- You correctly define human rights as principles from birth and legal rights as enforceable laws.
- Your examples are well-chosen and accurate.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The equality act in 2010 consisted of many human rights for example age. An example of age being protected is if a minor is accused of something their identity cannot be published in order to protect their future.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified 'age' as a protected characteristic under the Act.
- Your example of protecting a minor's identity is a valid, though quite specific, example of a legal protection.
Targets
- Your answer is a little confused. Protecting a minor's identity in court is usually covered by different laws, not the Equality Act. A more direct example would be making it illegal to refuse someone a job because they are "too old". You need to be clearer on what the Act specifically does.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of this would be same sex marriage. before the 2010 equality act it was disliked and frowned upon however now it is protected by law. Another example would be race due to the 2010 equality act race is now protected and if people are prejudiced against can be taken to court.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer with two distinct and well-explained examples.
- You correctly identify same-sex marriage and protection from racial discrimination as human rights that are now legal rights.
- For both points, you correctly link them to the law (specifically the Equality Act) and explain the legal consequence (being "protected by law" or able to be "taken to court").
Targets
- No targets, this is a model answer. (Note: Same-sex marriage was legalised by the Marriage Act 2013, but is covered by the Equality Act's principles).
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The role of a local councillor is to decide what happens in that specific area. Whilst the role of MPs are to scrutinise the government and to ensure their decisions have no flaws. This is good as it decrease the amount of mistakes they make in the future.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very strong answer that clearly explains the different functions of each role.
- You correctly identify the local focus of a councillor and the national, scrutiny-focused role of an MP.
- Your development of the point about scrutiny — explaining that it reduces mistakes — is excellent and shows a high level of understanding.
Targets
- No targets. This is a full-mark answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can participate in many ways. For example voting, voting is a direct way of participating in government decisions as it goes toward your future... An indirect way citizens can participate would be canvassing as you are trying to persuade others to think the same as you...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two valid methods of participation (voting and canvassing).
Targets
- You have reversed the definitions. Voting for a representative is the main example of *indirect* participation. Canvassing for a party is a form of *direct* participation as you are taking the action yourself. You must learn the correct definitions.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy as it gives everyone in society the chance to participate and have the chance to let their voice be heard. Another reason political rights are important is it makes the future decisions of the region based upon the population's decisions.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have made a very good point that political rights allow everyone to participate and "let their voice be heard".
- You have developed this well by explaining that this means decisions are based on the will of the population.
Targets
- This is a single, well-developed point. To get full marks, you needed to add a second, distinct point. For example, you could have named a specific right like 'freedom of assembly' and explained that this allows people to protest against the government.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
human rights that are principles that apply from birth. for example the right of education. conversely a legal right is a right that is protected by law for example hate speech not being tolerated.
Feedback
Strengths
- A very good answer that clearly explains the difference between the two types of rights.
- You correctly define human rights as principles from birth and legal rights as being protected by law.
- You provide a good example for each concept to support your definitions.
Targets
- No targets. This is a full-mark answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
the equality act is a delveration of laws that must be followed. this is to protect minorities... one reason they have done this is to make sure if they commited a crime they will be punished.
Feedback
Strengths
- You correctly identify that the Act is about protecting minorities.
- You understand that it is a law and that there is a punishment for breaking it.
Targets
- To get full marks, you need to be more specific. You must explain the key mechanism of the Act, which is the creation of nine 'protected characteristics' (e.g., race, disability) and making it illegal to discriminate based on these.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of a human right that has became a legal right is education this is because the uk wants the marority of the country to be literate. another example is the right of freedom of speeche.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified two good examples of human rights that are also legal rights in the UK (education and freedom of speech).
- You have developed your first point well by explaining the rationale behind compulsory education.
Targets
- This is a strong answer. To get the final mark, you just needed to develop your second point. For example, you could have explained that freedom of speech is protected by the Human Rights Act 1998.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
one role of a MP is to pose ideas or changes to laws. This helps keep a government and country stable.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a key role of an MP (making laws) and explained its purpose well.
Targets
- You have only described the role of an MP. The question asks for the *different* roles, so you needed to also describe the role of a local councillor (who deals with local services like parks and bins) and contrast the two.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One way citizens can participate in the government directly is through voting. this is because voting contributes to a government... In addition one way a government can participate indirectly is through canvassing. this is when you go from door to door stating why you should vote for a party...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified two valid methods of participation (voting and canvassing).
Targets
- You have reversed the key terms. Voting for a representative is *indirect* participation. Canvassing (persuading people to vote) is a form of *direct* participation. You must learn the correct definitions for these terms.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One reason why political rights are crucial is to stop a government from exploiting their power... is if a government were to go to far they will be punished. Another reason is to protect the citizens from human rights of citizens... to keep a country stable for example the freedom of speech.
Feedback
Strengths
- You make an excellent first point about political rights stopping a government from exploiting its power.
- You also make a good second point about protecting citizens' rights to keep the country stable, providing the good example of freedom of speech.
Targets
- This is a very strong answer. To guarantee the final mark, you could develop your first point by explaining *how* political rights stop a government from exploiting power (e.g., the right to vote allows citizens to vote them out).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are princips that belong to everyone simply due to the fact they're human. Legal rights are rights that apply to citizens of a country due to them being enforced by the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer that is clear, concise, and accurate.
- You perfectly define human rights as universal principles.
- You provide a very clear contrast by defining legal rights as country-specific and enforced by law.
Targets
- This answer has two well-defined points. To make it even better, you could add a specific example for each (e.g., Human Right = freedom from torture, Legal Right = right to a minimum wage), but the definitions are strong enough for full marks.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act turns human rights princips into legal protection as it helps to allow many freedoms of like the freedom of religian and thought... also protects people from discrimination particularly in the work place.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified that the Act protects people's freedom of religion.
- You have also correctly identified that it specifically offers protection from discrimination in the workplace.
Targets
- This is a good start. To get the development marks, you need to explain the *mechanism* the Act uses, which is the nine 'protected characteristics'. You should give some examples (like race or age) and state that the Act makes it illegal to discriminate based on these.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example is the human right to life. This has been implemented in many ways such as the legal system in which the former death penalty has been abolished. The right to education has also become a legal right as children are required to stay in school until 16.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect answer with two distinct and exceptionally well-explained examples.
- Your point linking the right to life with the abolition of the death penalty is very sophisticated and accurate.
- Your second example on the right to education being enforced through compulsory schooling is also perfect.
Targets
- No targets. An outstanding answer.
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Local cancillor are elected in wards and respond to the needs of residents such as social housing, leisure services, developing and reveiwing council policies etc. MPs on the other hand represent a much larger area (constituency/borough) and are involved in the government as either cabinet, back benches etc...
Feedback
Strengths
- An absolutely outstanding answer, full of specific and accurate terminology.
- You perfectly explain the role of a councillor, using the correct term "wards" and giving excellent examples of their responsibilities.
- You provide a brilliant contrast with MPs, using terms like "constituency" and "cabinet" to show a deep understanding of their national role.
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens can directly participate via referendum and general election which allows for the nation to directly vote in a party or a law... Online petitions also allow for citizens to indirectly participate in govenme...
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified several valid forms of participation (referendums, elections, petitions).
Targets
- Your answer is good but shows some confusion with the key terms. A referendum is direct, but a general election is *indirect*. A petition is a form of *direct* participation. While you have the right examples, you need to be careful to categorise them correctly to guarantee full marks.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy as they help to protect aspects such as the right to vote and freedom of speech allowing peupa to vote freely. While also keep electis as fair and as ecus as possibl.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer with two distinct points.
- You correctly identify key political rights like the right to vote and freedom of speech.
- You make a superb second point about the importance of political rights in keeping elections "fair", which is a fundamental requirement of a democracy.
Targets
- No targets. A very well-reasoned answer.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are universal freedoms and protections that everyone is entitled to. Legal rights, however are rights that have been written into a country's law and are enforceable by courts.
Feedback
Strengths
- An absolutely perfect answer. It is concise, accurate, and uses all the correct terminology.
- You have perfectly defined both human rights and legal rights, and clearly stated the key difference between them (enforceability by courts).
Targets
- No targets. This is a model answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 bring together many anti-discrimination laws and turns human rights ideas - like fairness and dignity - into enforceable rules. It protects people from discrimination on the basis of characteristics such as age, race, sex, disability and religion. By creating legal duties and consequences for discrimination, it translates human rights values into everyday legal protections.
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding, textbook-perfect answer.
- You explain the context of the Act, its core principles (fairness and dignity), its mechanism (protected characteristics with examples), and its legal force (duties and consequences).
- Your final sentence is a superb summary of the entire process.
Targets
- No targets. It would be impossible to improve this answer.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example is the human rights Act 1998, which makes rights from the European Convention on Human rights part of UK law such as right to life, freedom of expression and the right to a fair trial. Another example is the equality act 2010, which legally protects the human right to be treated fairly by prohibiting discrimination in employment, education and public services.
Feedback
Strengths
- Another perfect answer. You have chosen the two most important pieces of legislation for your examples.
- For both the Human Rights Act and the Equality Act, you have not only named them but explained their specific function and given clear examples of the rights they protect in different areas of life.
Targets
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Local councillors represent people in a town or local council area. They make decisions about local services such as housing, waste collection, leisure centres and local roads. Mps, however, represent people at national level in the House of commons. They debate and vote on national laws, question the government, and raise issues on behalf of their constituents.
Feedback
Strengths
- A perfect, textbook answer that clearly and accurately contrasts the two roles.
- You provide excellent, specific examples of the duties for both councillors (local services) and MPs (national law-making and scrutiny).
- Your use of key terms like "House of Commons" and "constituents" is accurate.
Targets
- No targets. An outstanding answer.
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Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens participate indirectly by voting in elections for MPs, councillors and other representatives who make decisions on their behalf. They also join political parties or pressure groups to influence policies. Citizens participate directly by signing petitions, or contacting their representatives to express their views.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent answer showing a comprehensive understanding of participation.
- You correctly define and give examples for indirect participation (voting for representatives).
- You correctly give multiple examples for direct participation (signing petitions, contacting representatives).
Targets
- No targets. This is a very strong and detailed answer.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
political rights - such as the right to vote, run for office, join political parties, and express political opinion, ensure that people can participate in shaping their government. Without political rights, a democracy cannot function because the public would have no say in who governs them or how decisions are made. these rights protect fairness, equality and representation.
Feedback
Strengths
- An outstanding, conceptually sophisticated answer.
- You begin by defining political rights with multiple, accurate examples.
- You then explain perfectly *why* these rights are essential: without them, a democracy cannot function because the public has no say, and the principles of fairness, equality, and representation are lost.
Targets
- No targets. A truly excellent answer.
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are associated with law but are not a nomal law. Legal rights are laws you have to follow.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have the basic idea that legal rights are laws you have to follow.
Targets
- Your definitions are too vague and don't clearly explain the difference. You need to explain that human rights are universal moral principles that exist without laws, whereas legal rights are specific laws created by a country that are enforceable in court.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
By protecting the characteristics of someone and preventing discrimination.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified the key concepts of 'protecting characteristics' and 'preventing discrimination'.
Targets
- This is a good start, but it's just a statement. To get marks for an "explain" question, you need to add detail. For example, you should give an example of a characteristic (like race or age) and explain *how* the Act protects people (by making discrimination illegal and allowing them to go to court).
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
citizens can go to the court wanting to sue and can start voting and participating in elections.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have identified a valid way to participate (voting in elections).
Targets
- The question asks for the difference between *direct* and *indirect* participation. You have given one example (voting) which is indirect, but you haven't explained what makes it indirect, nor have you given an example of direct participation (like protesting).
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Although politvens have their own vews they still have human right and is protected by the Equality Act 2010.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have named the Equality Act.
Targets
- This answer does not address the question. It confuses political rights with the Equality Act. You need to name a specific *political right* (like the right to vote) and explain why it is important for a democracy (e.g., it allows people to choose their leaders).
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Explain the difference between human rights and legal rights. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Human rights are rights that every-one should have. For example, freedom of speech. These rights arent enforced by the law. Whereas legal rights are rights that are enforced by law.
Feedback
Strengths
- An excellent, concise answer that clearly explains the key difference.
- You correctly define human rights as universal entitlements and legal rights as those which are enforced by law.
- Identifying the difference in enforceability is the key to a high-level answer.
Targets
- No targets. This is a great example of a full-mark answer.
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Explain how the Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
The Equality Act 2010 turns human rights principles into legal protections because all of them are protected by the law.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified that the Act is a law.
Targets
- Your answer is circular (it says the Act protects people because it's a law that protects people). You need to explain *how* it works. The key mechanism is the creation of nine 'protected characteristics' (like race, age, and disability), which makes it illegal to discriminate against someone on these grounds.
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Explain two examples of how human rights have been made into legal rights in the UK. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
One example of a human right has been made into legal right is a right to a pree trial.
Feedback
Strengths
- You have correctly identified a very important right that is legally protected in the UK.
Targets
- You need to develop this point by explaining *how* it is a legal right (e.g., it is protected by the Human Rights Act 1998).
- The question asks for *two* examples, but you have only provided one.
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Explain the different roles of local councillors and Members of Parliament (MPs). (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Explain how citizens can participate in government both directly and indirectly. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Citizens participate in government by voting. Citizens are in charge of being able to decide who gets to be in parliament.
Feedback
Strengths
- You correctly identify voting as a way to participate and that it allows citizens to choose who is in Parliament.
Targets
- This only explains indirect participation. You also need to explain *direct* participation (e.g., protesting, signing a petition) and clearly explain the difference between the two concepts.
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Explain why political rights are important in a democracy. (4 marks)
Student's Answer
Political rights are important in a democracy because
Feedback
Strengths
- You have started to answer the question.
Targets
- This answer is incomplete. To gain marks, you would need to name a specific political right (like the right to vote) and explain why it is important (e.g., it allows citizens to hold their government to account).
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